What is gene?
Gene are small portion of DNA within the genome that code for proteins.
they contain the the instruction for our individual characteristics-like eye
and hair colour.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to
different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode
slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotypical
traits. Usage of the term "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair colour
gene") typically refers to containing a different allele of the same, shared
gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the
alleles.
* A gene is a small section of DNA that contains the instructions for a
specific molecule, usually a protein.
* The purpose of genes is to store information.
* Each gene contain the information required to build specific proteins
needed in an organism.
* The human genome contains 20,687 protein- coading genes.
* Genes come in different forms called alleles.
* In humans alleles of particular genes comes in pairs, one on each
chromosome ( we have 23 pairs of chromosomes ). If the alleles
of a particular gene are the same, the organism is described as homozygous for that gene. If they are different the organism is called
as heterozygous for that gene.
* An individual phenotype is determined by the combination of alleles
they have.
* For example, for a gene that determines eye colour there may be
several different alleles, one allele may result in blue eyes while
another might result in brown eyes. The final colour of the individual
eye will depend on which alleles they have and how they interact.
* The character associated with a certain allele can sometimes
dominanat or recessive.
History
The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel
(1822–1884). he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas. Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics. This description prefigured the distinction between genotype (the genetic material of an organism) and phenotype (the visible traits of that organism). Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance.
Mendel's work went largely unnoticed after its first publication in 1866, but was rediscovered in the late 19th century by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and
Erich von Tschermak, who (claimed to have) reached similar conclusions in their own research.
Gene expression
In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies. First, the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA). Second, that mRNA is translated to protein. RNA-coding genes must still go through the first step, but are not translated into protein. The process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein is called gene expression, and the resulting molecule is called a gene product.
Gene are small portion of DNA within the genome that code for proteins.
they contain the the instruction for our individual characteristics-like eye
and hair colour.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to
different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode
slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotypical
traits. Usage of the term "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair colour
gene") typically refers to containing a different allele of the same, shared
gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the
alleles.
* A gene is a small section of DNA that contains the instructions for a
specific molecule, usually a protein.
* The purpose of genes is to store information.
* Each gene contain the information required to build specific proteins
needed in an organism.
* The human genome contains 20,687 protein- coading genes.
* Genes come in different forms called alleles.
* In humans alleles of particular genes comes in pairs, one on each
chromosome ( we have 23 pairs of chromosomes ). If the alleles
of a particular gene are the same, the organism is described as homozygous for that gene. If they are different the organism is called
as heterozygous for that gene.
* An individual phenotype is determined by the combination of alleles
they have.
* For example, for a gene that determines eye colour there may be
several different alleles, one allele may result in blue eyes while
another might result in brown eyes. The final colour of the individual
eye will depend on which alleles they have and how they interact.
* The character associated with a certain allele can sometimes
dominanat or recessive.
History
The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel
(1822–1884). he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas. Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics. This description prefigured the distinction between genotype (the genetic material of an organism) and phenotype (the visible traits of that organism). Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance.
Mendel's work went largely unnoticed after its first publication in 1866, but was rediscovered in the late 19th century by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and
Erich von Tschermak, who (claimed to have) reached similar conclusions in their own research.
Gene expression
In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies. First, the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA). Second, that mRNA is translated to protein. RNA-coding genes must still go through the first step, but are not translated into protein. The process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein is called gene expression, and the resulting molecule is called a gene product.
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